The artist accepted the £25,000 prize at a ceremony in Eastbourne, East Sussex on Tuesday evening.
Jesse Darling is known for his sculptures and installations where he uses common objects such as barbed wire, riot barriers, ladders and similar materials that usually demarcate areas.
The artist himself says that Brexit, the pandemic and what he sees as a hostile integration policy inspired the art.
"For his way of conveying a familiar but delirious world that calls for the collapse of society. His presentation disrupts perceived notions of work, class, Britishness and power," the jury said.
The Turner Prize is a prestigious prize in contemporary art that was established in 1984. The prize is awarded annually to a British artist and aims to promote public interest in contemporary art.