Beijing, July 7 to 24 this year is the "National Health Publicity Week for the Elderly", advocating the need to combine the characteristics of the elderly, popular science vaccination, prevention and treatment of common and chronic diseases of the elderly, injury prevention and other health knowledge. As a result of the National Media Conference "Focus on Multi-Disease Coexistence and Protect Silver Health" jointly supported by the China Geriatric Health Care Association and GlaxoSmithKline China, the first initiative of "Multi-disease Coexistence and Immune Health Management Promotion Action for the Elderly" was announced. Experts from multidisciplinary fields and representatives of academic associations discussed topics such as multi-disease coexistence of the elderly, the interrelationship between chronic diseases and infectious diseases, disease prevention and management, etc.
The initiative "Multi-disease Coexistence and Immune Health Management Promotion Action for the Elderly" was launched.
Wang Jianye, director of the National Geriatric Center and former president of Beijing Hospital, said that China's aging has several characteristics, namely fast growth, large population base, and old before getting rich, getting old before preparation, and getting rich while getting old. Although the number of long-lived elderly people is increasing, many elderly people have the problem of "longevity is not healthy". "According to the data released by the National Health Commission, the average survival time of the elderly in China is nearly 10 years, and the cause of death caused by chronic diseases accounts for 90%. In addition, the elderly population with chronic diseases gradually declines with age, and the risk of infectious diseases increases significantly. ”
With the increase of age, the elderly often have chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and diabetes, and the risk of infectious diseases such as influenza, shingles, and pneumococcal diseases increases significantly. Wang Hong, secretary of the party branch and director of the Chaoyangmen Community Health Service Center in Dongcheng District, Beijing, said that in elderly patients, shingles is one of the common comorbidities of diabetes, and diabetic patients have a higher risk of postherpetic neuralgia than healthy people, and the pain is stronger. At the same time, after suffering from shingles, it will further affect the disease management of diabetic patients.
Mu Rong, director of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at Peking University Third Hospital, said that most rheumatic immune diseases are themselves chronic diseases. Among them, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, osteoarthritis, etc. are more common in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients with rheumatic immune diseases are prone to functional damage, resulting in decreased immunity and the risk of secondary infectious diseases due to the delay of disease, delay in diagnosis and treatment, etc., which is very common in patients with lupus erythematosus.
After years of health science popularization, the Chinese public has a certain understanding of chronic diseases, but the awareness of infectious diseases needs to be improved. According to the "Action Initiative for the Prevention of Common Infectious Diseases in China, Cognitive Survey Results", middle-aged and elderly people (50 years old and above) underestimate the risk and harm of common infectious diseases (influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, shingles). In fact, these common infectious diseases can be avoided through preventive interventions. As proposed in the "Health Protection Initiative for the Elderly in China", the elderly should enhance their awareness of vaccination and disease prevention, and take the initiative to vaccinate against influenza, pneumococcal vaccine and shingles vaccine.
What do older adults need to pay attention to when vaccinating? In this regard, Liu Zhaoqiu, director of the Department of Preventive Health Care of the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, suggested that the vaccination of the elderly needs to be guided by professional doctors, comprehensively consider their own physical conditions, focus on grasping the three "keywords" of the applicable age, protective efficacy and contraindications of the vaccine, and choose the vaccine that suits them.
Liu Zhaoqiu said that first of all, as the age increases, the autoimmunity of the elderly declines, and vaccination can help improve immunity and reduce the risk of infectious diseases targeted by the vaccine. Since vaccination follows certain vaccination requirements and vaccination schedules, the elderly should first pay attention to vaccines suitable for their age.
"Second, pay attention to the protective efficacy of vaccines. If the vaccine is 80% protective, it can help people who receive it to reduce the risk of contracting the disease by 80%. Of course, the protective efficacy of vaccines with different technical routes is also different. ”
Finally, regarding the contraindications to vaccination of vaccines, there are generally three situations that require special attention: first, those who are allergic to vaccine components are contraindicated to receive the vaccine; Second, if the patient is in the acute onset of chronic disease or is in the acute stage of the disease, it is recommended to suspend vaccination; Third, for patients with immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive diseases, vaccination with live attenuated vaccine is contraindicated. (End)